Method for cellular communications

ABSTRACT

The invention relates to cellular communications systems. In order to enhance an efficiency of a cellular communications system a file in electronic form with fragments of a digital geographical map of the vicinity is preliminarily introduced into a control center of a cellular communications system, the map comprising coordinates and characteristics of base stations, arranged in cells and geographical coordinates of the borders of the cells, wherein in the process of radio communications, data on the location of a corresponding mobile station for communication therewith are determined with the aid of a receiver of a satellite location determination system, which receiver is built in a mobile station, and are transmitted through a base station to the control center of the cellular communications system, and the file of a fragment of the digital geographical map is transmitted from the control center of the cellular communications system through a corresponding base station to a mobile station, the map comprising coordinates and characteristics of the base station of that cell where this mobile station is, coordinates and characteristics of base stations of neighboring cells with coordinates of their borders, then a comparison of current data of its location and the coordinates of cell borders is carried out in the mobile station.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates to a field of radio communications and, inparticular, to systems of mobile telecommunications and may beimplemented for organizing cellular communications systems with aprovision of additional types of services to groups of mobilesubscribers (clients).

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

The methods of cellular communications are known and based on threeprinciples:

-   -   repeated usage of frequencies in cells;    -   provision of continuity of communication when a mobile        subscriber moves from one cell to another one (“handover”);    -   continuous determination of a location of a mobile subscriber in        an area of cellular communications (see, e.g. Asha Mehrotra,        Cellular Radio. Analog and Digital Systems. Artech House,        Inc. 1994. 460 p.).

The diagram of organization of cellular communications on the basis ofthe above principles is shown in FIG. 1, their combination creates atechnological basis of cellular communications for providing servicesfor subscribers. FIG. 2 illustrates a general skeleton diagram of acellular communications system (see, e.g. Williams C. Y. Lee. MobileCellular Telecommunications. Analog and Digital System. Second Edition.McGraw-Hill, Inc. 1995, 664 p.).

The subscriber via his mobile station (MS), transmits messages to othermobile subscribers or subscribers of a fixed communication network(PSTN) via a base station (BTS), a controller (BSC) being series coupledwith the base station, and a mobile switching Center (MSC) being coupledwith a visitor location register (VLR) tracking a movement of thesubscriber, as well as with a home location register (HLC) in which oneare contained all necessary data on subscribers who have concludedcontracts with an operator of a network and received asubscriber-identity module (SIM-card) of a given operator. An operationof the network is controlled with an operations-and-maintenanceCenter—OMC.

In the structural block-diagram of FIG. 2 is accomplished adetermination of a location of the mobile subscriber (MS) within thelimits of “an area of determination of location” (Location Area) whichcomprises a base station controller (BSC) and all base stations (BTS)being coupled to the controller. Within the limits of Local Area may beidentified a cell or a cell sector within which is located MS, forexample, to provide for a mobile station a delivery of incoming messagefrom a subscriber of PSTN or from other mobile station of the cellularcommunications system. Herewith, an accuracy of the determination of thelocation of MS depends on dimensions of the cell, and it may constitutefrom few hundreds of meters up to tens of kilometres.

The cellular communications system for active mobile stations beingregistered in VLR, should continuously determine the location, throughcontrol and signalling channels being transmitted jointly with trafficchannels through network interfaces (A-bis, A, M and others), forphysical implementation of which ones is necessary to use radio-relay,wire or optical fiber transmission lines. For example, in order tocontrol communication processes (including connection of MS, handover, atransmission of messages, transmission power control), in GSM cellularcommunications network from one up to two time slots (TS) which arecontained in a time frame (TDMA-frame) being formed on one of 124frequency channels. (see, e.g. Siegmund M. Rede, Mathias K. Weber,Malcolm W. Oliphant. An Introduction to GSM. Artech House, Inc. 1995,379 p). Thus, from 12.5 up to 25 percent of a network resource are notused for a traffic transmission.

Moreover, tendencies of developing services of new generations ofcellular communications—the third (3G) and the forth (4G) ones, as wellas ones of currently active cellular communications systems of 2,5generation, provide for wide introduction of new kinds of servicesassociated with a location of subscribers. (see, e.g, Juha Korhenen.Introduction to 3G Mobile Communications. Second Edition. Artech House,Inc. 2003, 544 p.)

To such services relate, for example, navigation services, services ofan extreme aid, a tourist guide, safeguarding of goods when transportingetc. The realization of these services is possible if to enhance theaccuracy of the determination of location of mobile stations which isachieved with an additional complexity of the cellular communicationssystem on the whole, due to increasing hardware and software costs ofcellular communications, due to including new elements, for example,Line measurement units (LMU) of A-type being switched via a radiointerface to base stations or LMU of B-type being switched via a radiointerface to base stations or LMU of B-type being switched to the basestation controller (BSC) via the network A-bis interface, as well as dueto Mobile Location Centres (MLC). One of the lasts—SLMC (ServingMLC)—serves requests for the determination of location, realizes a finalcalculation of coordinates and an accuracy of an obtained result, theother—GMLC (Gateway MLS) performs functions of supporting clients. (see,e.g., ETSI TS 101723 (GSM 02.71): “Digital Cellular TelecommunicationsSystem (Phase 2+); Location Services (LCS); Service Description; Stage1.” ETSI TS 122-71 (3GPP TS 22.071): “Digital Telecommunications System(Phase 2+) (GSM); Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS);Location Services (LCS); Service Description, Stage 1”).

The skeleton diagram of the cellular communications network withsupporting the functions of determining the location on the basis of theadditional measurement units is shown in FIG. 3 and is accepted forGSM—standards and practically coincides with an analogues diagram of newgeneration of cellular communications—3 G (UMTS).

Methods of determining the location of MS in accordance with theskeleton diagram of FIG. 3 are known in the art and are based on data ofthe cellular communications network, the closest known technique is amethod of a cell identification (Cell ID) for which is not required adetermination of a signal level or its delay since this is an intrinsicproperty of cellular communications networks. As main methods ofdetermining the location of MS for GSM cellular communications networksare selected as follows: Cell ID-TA (Timing Advance), TOA (Time OfArrival), E-OTD (Enhanced Observed Time Difference). (see, e.g. ETSITS.101 724 (3GPP TS 03.71): Digital Cellular Telecommunications System(Phase 2+), Location Services (LCS), Functional Description—Stage 2).

Selection of a method of determining the location is defined by a kindof a radio-access network. In case of UMTS (UTRAN) are recommendedmethods Cell ID-TA and OT DOA (Observed Time Difference Of Arrival).(See, e.g., ETSI TS 125 395 (3PGG TS 25.395): “Universal MobileTelecommunications System (UMTS); Stage 2, Functional Description on UEPositioning in UTRAN”).

The abovementioned methods of determining the location of MS on thebasis of a cellular communications network require for their realizationan installation of additional hardware and software, for theirintroduction into a cellular communications network is necessary todedicate additional connecting lines.

Moreover, the abovementioned methods of determining the location of MSon the basis of a cellular communications network do not change generalprinciples of network composing being presented in FIG. 1. The accuracyof determining the location of MS in these methods constitutes fewhundreds of meters.

Methods of determining a location of a subscriber are know on a basis ofa mobile station when MS determines a location independently of annetwork operator. To the methods of determining a location on the basisof MS relate GPS-methods or A-GPS (Assisted GPS)-methods, in the lastfor obtaining coordinates of MS are used data from additional (assisted)transmitters of signals of GPS being mounted on a ground in an area of acellular communications network.

GPS—global satellite positioning system—was developed and is used by USAMinistry of Defence for providing terrestrial objects throughout theworld with accurate information on a location, speed and current time.Orbital groupment comprises 28 satellites, at least, 24 satellites areactivated constantly. Analogous tasks are decided by Russian Globalsatellite positioning system GLONASS. European global satellitepositioning system GALLILEO is in progress of development (see, e.g., U.A. Soloviev. Satellite navigation system—M.; Ecotrends, 2000, 270 p.). (

.A.

.

.-M;

, 2000, 270 c.). The accuracy of determining a location with help of GSMmay constitute about ten meters. The accuracy of determining a locationis increased when using A-GPS and may constitute few tens ofcentimetres.

When determining a location of MS with usage of GPS or A-GPS the mobilestation with built-in GPS-receiver transmits its coordinates via basestations (BTS) and a controller (BSC) to operation-and-maintenanceCenter (OMC) through channels of short message service (SMS) or throughother channels, in particular, through channels of a subsystem of apacket data transmission (GPRS).

However, in these known methods of determining the location on the basisof global satellite systems the cellular communications network and thesystem GPS (GLONASS et al.) operate independently of each other. Incellular communications systems for a transmiission of messages, forprovision of continuity of communications (“handover”), for repeatedusage of frequencies in the network or codes in cells, as well as forcontrolling operation modes of base and mobile stations, the data fromglobal satellite positioning system are not used. Therefore thecommunication channels are downloaded, additional hardware and softwareare used, and the accuracy of determining the location is limited to “acell”, which dimensions may constitute from few hundreds of meters up totens of kilometres.

Usage of GPS is known as a source of timing signals, the source beingindependent of a cellular network, in cellular communications systemwith code-division multiple access (CDMA, IS-95) (see, e.g., Jhong SamLee, Leonard E. Miller. CDMA System Engineering Handbook. Artech House.1998, 1228 p.), but and in this case GPS and a cellular communicationsnetwork are not interconnected.

In respect of a technical essence of the invention the closest prior artis a method of cellular communications being realized in a cellularcommunications system GSM, wherein the data of the location of GSMmobile station, being obtained in result of receiving signals of thesatellite communications system GPS, are used for searching andtransmitting alarm signals (see U.S. Pat. No. 6,411,811 B2, Int. Cl.H04Q 7/20, the data of publication is Jun. 25, 2002).

However, despite the fact that when using the known method an assortmentof communications network services of GSM are extended, the data of thelocation of MS being obtained from GSM, are not used for optimization ofoperation of the cellular communications system that does not result ina reduction of a load in communication channels, so the task ofdetermining a location is solved in a former manner on the basis ofresources and an equipment of the cellular communications network (FIG.1).

In the known method the usage of data from GPS for transmitting alarmsignals and providing services being associated with a location ofmobile subscribers, does not change a structure of a cellularcommunications network, its basic principles (FIG. 1) and does notreplace separate functions of the cellular communications system.

DISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION

The basis of the invention is a task of increasing an efficiency ofcellular communications systems by means of increasing their carryingcapability (a capacity), decreasing a load on network interfaces onwhich are transmitted service data (for example, between MS and BTS, BTSand BSC, BSC and MSC), and by means of usage of released resources fortransmitting a useful load, by shortage of components of hardware andsoftware of cellular communications, being responsible for adetermination of a location of MS, (LMU, SMLC, GMLC et al), as well asby increasing an accuracy of determining the location of MS.

Additional technical task is a functionality extension of the cellularcommunications system by means of creation of cells being situated at adifferent height above the surface of the earth (for example, atdifferent floors of buildings) as well as a realization of vertical“handover”, organizing corporative groups of mobile subscribers withincells, usage of location data of the mobile station for forming amaximum of a directional characteristic of multibeam antenna with acontrollable directional characteristic towards MS.

This task is solved by the fact that in a method for cellularcommunications, in accordance with the invention, a file in electronicform is preliminarily introduced into a control center of a cellularcommunications system with fragments of a digital geographical map ofthe vicinity, the map comprises coordinates and characteristics of basestations arranged in cells, and geographical coordinates of borders ofthe cells, wherein in the process of radio communications, data on thelocation of a corresponding mobile station for communication therewithare determined with the aid of a receiver of a satellite locationdetermination system, which receiver is built in a mobile station, andare transmitted through a base station to the control center of thecellular communications system, and the file of a fragment of thedigital geographical map is transmitted from the control center of thecellular communications system through a corresponding base station to amobile station, the map comprising coordinates and characteristics ofthe base station of that cell where this mobile station is, coordinatesand characteristics of base stations of neighboring cells withcoordinates of their borders, then a comparison of current data of itslocation and the coordinates of cell borders is carried out in themobile station, when there is a transition of the mobile station toanother cell—“handover”—and/or when there is a transition from onecellular communications network to another—roaming—data on completion ofthe “handover” or conduction of the roaming and changes of the workingparameters of communications channels are produced in the mobile stationand transmitted to a corresponding control center of the cellularcommunications system.

Moreover, synchronization of operation of the mobile and base stationsis carried out in accordance with signals of a satellite locationdetermination system, moreover, the dimension of the fragment of thegeographical map transmitted to the mobile station and the periodicityof transmission of data on its location by that mobile station to thecontrol center of the cellular communications system are changeddepending on the speed of movement of the mobile station, the currentdata on the location of the mobile station are used control parametersof adaptive multibeam antenna systems of base stations communicatingwith the mobile station, including parameters for directing adirectional characteristic of antenna systems toward the mobile station.The microcells within a cell that have working communication parametersdifferent from working communication parameters of the instant cell, inparticular other types of radio interfaces, protocols, communicationstandards, are dedicated, wherein coordinates of borders and workingparameters of these microcells, recorded in the control center of thecellular communications system, are transmitted through correspondingbase stations to mobile stations located in the microcells, the heightof location of a mobile station above the surface of the earth, inrespect to which corresponding cells or micricells are dedicated, isselected as one of the working parameters, and a vertical “handover” isprovided for, herewith the power level of transmitters of mobile andbase stations are adjusted depending on their distance from one anotheron the basis of location data of the mobile and base stations, and alsoof digital geographical maps being represented in electronic form, usedin control center of cellular communications system.

Moreover, during the transmission of the file of the fragment of thedigital geographical map from the control center of the cellularcommunications system through a base station to a corresponding mobilestation, adaptation of the dimensions and configuration of the cells andalso conditions providing for “handover” to a load created by mobilestations in a cells are carried out herewith depending on the locationof a mobile station in a definite cell or definite zone of cellularnetwork communications, of each mobile station, the priorities of accessto communication services or the extreme qualitative communicationcharacteristics are determined or access to the communication servicesor a portion of the communication services on separate of the cellularcommunications zone or the cell is eliminated, herewith a pointwise orzone tariffing of communication services provided to clients is providedwith an arbitrary configuration of the zones, (for example, alongautomobile highways or railways), the current data on the location of amobile station, which are available to a mobile client of a cellularnetwork on a global scale, are used to select a mobile communicationsnetwork being effective on a certain territory, and an available type ofservice within that network by means of corresponding programming of themobile station by client or an operator of mobile communications,including taking into account effective tariffs (for example, minimalones) in communication networks of different operators.

The essence of the invention consists in forming a configuration ofcells of base stations, whose borders are a set of geographicalcoordinates, provision of a procedure of a transition from one cell toanother one when crossing the above borders of the cells anddetermination of a location of the mobile station on a basis of thecoordinates being obtained from a satellite location determinationsystem, for example, GPS. Herewith current data on the location ofmobile stations are transmitted from the mobile stations, comprising areceiver of a satellite location determination system, through basestations of a cellular communications system to the control center ofthe cellular communications system which the center forms fragments of ageographical map in an electronic (digital) form, the geographical mapcomprising coordinates of borders of the cell for a given base stationand of the cells of neighboring base stations, their working parametersof communication channels (frequencies, codes etc.), and the abovefragments of the geographical maps are transmitted to the mobilestations for storing them and subsequent comparison on the mobilestation with current data of the satellite determination of the locationin order to define the working parameters of the communication channeland to provide for the procedure of a transition of the mobile stationfrom one cell to another one or from one network into another one—whenroaming—or when changing one kind of a radio-access or a communicationnetwork to another kind.

Moreover, the periodicity of determining the location of the mobilestation and the dimension of the fragment of the geographical map areadapted to the speed of movement of the mobile station, the data of it'ssatellite determination of the location are used on base stations forchanging parameters of directional characteristics of antenna systems ofbase stations in order to increase a communication range, to enhance aquality of communication and a capacity of communication. Forming withincells microcells having working communications parameters, beingdifferent from the parameters of the cells and associated, inparticular, with the height of a location of mobile station provide foran opportunity of reliable communication with flying vehicles includingan interaction with high altitude radio-relay stations, for example,HAPS (High Altitude Platform Station).

Essentially, an increase of efficiency of cellular communications isachieved by means of elimination, from the known method for cellularcommunications (FIG. 1), of the function of determining a location beingrealized by the cellular communications network and by a construction ofthe cellular communications system with a usage of resources of globalsatellite positioning system of the type GPS, GLONASS, GALILEO or otheranalogous satellite systems for a realization of the function ofdetermining a location in a structure of the cellular communicationsnetwork, as well as by means of provision of “handover”, repeated usageof frequencies or codes dividing communication channels, and otherfunctions with a transmission of data files of digital geographical mapsto mobile stations. Herewith, in the mobile station is made comparisonof current data of its location and the coordinates of borders of thiscell, when there is a transition of the mobile station from one cellularcommunications network to another one, data for “handover” or roamingand changes of the working parameters of communications channels areproduced in the mobile station and transmitted to a correspondingcontrol center of the cellular communications network, synchronizationof operation of the mobile and base stations is carried out inaccordance with signals of a satellite location determination system.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1, 2, 3 illustrate skeleton diagrams of a network of known cellularcommunications,

FIGS. 4 and 5—diagrams of organization of cellular communications whichones realize the claimed method.

BEST VARIANT OF EMBODIMENT OF THE INVENTION

In the system depicted in FIG. 5 a determination of location of mobilestations is realized not with elements of a cellular communicationssystem, but is realized with an external, in respect to the cellularcommunications system, system of determining a location, in the capacityof which one is proposed to use a global satellite positioning system ofmobile objects (GPS, GLONASS etc.).

Now will be considered in more details functioning of the cellularcommunications system in accordance with the claimed method.

On the basis of a digital map of the vicinity taking into accountbuilding (a height and dimensions of buildings, street configurationetc.), and a model of a wave propagation under conditions of variousbuilding which ones are applicable to a prescribed frequency range and adedicated frequency resource, a coverage zone is calculated taking intoaccount a predictable loads in communication channels, requirements toreliability and quality of communication, directionality of antennae,conditions of electromagnetic compatibility with other radio-electronicmeans, requirements to provide for “handover” etc. In result of thecalculation are determined the coordinates, the height of location andparameters of base stations in a communication system. For each basestation is generated a configuration of its cell which one, in form ofcoordinates of the borders of the cells, including spatial ones, iswritten and stored in the control center of the cellular communicationssystem (OMG), wherefrom necessay data are transmitted and written intocontrollers (BSC) for control of corresponding base stations (BTS).These characteristics together with the coordinates of borders ofneighboring cells, i.e., their working frequencies, codes and parametersof communication, generate a digital geographical map in form offragments of electronic kind.

The control center of the cellular communications system (OMC) may beimplemented analogously to control centers of existing cellularcommunications systems on the basis of a personal electronic computingmachine (PECM) of PC-type, but is provided with corresponding softwarefor performing all operations for realization of the claimed method.

The satellite positioning system comprises a set of satellites (morethan three), that allows to a mobile station to realize a determinationof a location not only in a plane of earth surface, but also in a space,herewith the satellite positioning system carries out also timesynchronization of operation of mobile and base stations.

Note: the term “mobile station” in the present context corresponds tothe term “mobile subscriber” since is observed an unique association ofconceptions—a mobile station—this is an integral accessory of a mobilesubscriber of a cellular network.

Mobile station (MS), which should comprise a terminal of cellularcommunications, a receiver of a satellite location determination systemand a controller for storing and processing data of a geographical map,when receiving and processing signals from satellites periodicallyprocesses own spatial coordinates, including geographical ones, theperiodicity of determining the coordinates is adapted (associated) to aspeed of movement of the mobile subscriber. If the results arematerially different ones at two successive determinations of owncoordinates, i.e. the mobile subscriber moves at high speed (makes useof a transport), the time between the determinations of a location (thedetermination of the coordinates) is reduced for increasing the accuracyof the determination of the location of the mobile station.

Base station (BTS) at the first entry of the mobile station (MS) intoits cell transmits to it the fragment of the geographical map inelectronic form, the fragment being requested from the control center ofthe cellular communications system (OMC), on which map are indicated thecoordinates of the borders of the given cell and neighboring cells, aswell as working frequencies or codes of base stations and communicationparameters, the dimension of the fragment of the digital geographicalmap in electronic form is adapted to the speed of movement of the mobilesubscriber.

The mobile station (MS) periodically compares the data of determiningthe location, being obtained from the satellite system GPS (or analoguesone), with the fragment of the digital geographical map in electronicform, in order to determine the cell of its location (the belonging tothe base station). When changing a cell of its location, the mobilestation (MS) transits to a working frequency or a code, as well as tocommunication parameters of the base station (BS) of the cell in whichone is the mobile station.

Thus, the application of the global satellite positioning system torealization of functions of positioning within the limits of a cellularcommunications system gives an opportunity to materially reduce a loadin control and signaling channels on network interfaces of the cellularcommunications system.

In multistoried buildings, because of specific conditions of wavepropagation, various stories may relate to different cells, and thespatial determination of the location allows to realize a vertical“handover” that is important also for provision of communication withflying vehicles.

Positioning data, being transmitted by MS to base stations, allow torealize communication with mobile stations with the aid of multibeamintellectual antennae (see Appendix 1), the maximum of directionalcharacteristics of which ones is oriented directly on coordinates of themobile station, and which ones trace the movements of MS in a accordancewith the positioning data.

Usage of accurate coordinates of mobile stations in the intellectualantenna control system, the coordinates being obtained from GPS, allowsto eliminate modes of smooth retuning of the directional characteristicsof adaptive antennae and to introduce a mode of beam switching thatshortens the time of connection establishment.

Within the limits of one cell (i.e. when working at one group offrequencies or codes) is possible to form the cells with predeterminedborders of geographical coordinates. Mobile subscribers, being locatedin which ones, use the communication parameters: the type of interface,transmission speed, communication protocol, tariff etc., being differentfrom communication parameters of the cell. That is, when a mobilesubscriber is within the limits of the microcell, he takes enjoyment ina number of privileges and additional services.

The accurate positioning of mobile stations through the satellitepositioning system allows to provide roaming when there is a transitionof MS from one communications network to another one within the limitsof one communication standard or different communication standards ordifferent forms of radio communication. In this case are formed thecoordinates of a border cell in accordance with the coordinates ofborders (in particular, with frontiers) of communications networks. Themobile subscriber, when crossing the frontier or the zone of cellularcommunications, enjoys of roaming service immediately after crossing theborder of the zone of communications, in contrast to currently activecommunications networks in which ones the zones of communications andthe cell borders depend on conditions of wave propagation of thevicinity and, in principle, can not be uniquely coupled with borders ofnetworks (with the borders of licensed territories). Moreover, the usageof digital electronic maps of the vicinity and the data of the locationof MS being received from global satellite positioning systems, takinginto account the building and the conditions of location of antennasystems of base stations, as well as a model of wave propagation, theusage allows to adjust the power level of transmitters of mobile andbase stations depending on their distance from one another.

Depending on a load created by mobile stations within a cell, thedimensions and configuration of the cells being defined withgeographical coordinates, as well as the conditions of the “handover”may be set in the distance for each mobile station from the controlcenter of the cellular communications system.

High accuracy of determining a location on the basis of data of theglobal satellite system depending of the location of a mobile stationwithin a definite zone, allows for each mobile station to determinepriorities of an access to communication services or the extremecommunication characteristics, or to eliminate, on the whole, an accessto the network. The clamed method provides a pointwise or zone tariffingof communication services provided to subscribers with an arbitraryconfiguration of the zones.

The current data on the location of a mobile station, which areavailable to a mobile subscriber on a global scale, are used to select amobile communications network as well as an available type of servicewithin that network by a corresponding programming of the mobile stationby a subscriber or an operator of mobile communication, including takinginto account effective tariff for communication services.

Thus, the claimed method allows to increase an efficiency of operationof cellular communications systems owing to usage of resources of globalsatellite positioning system of the type of GPS, GLONASS et al., theresources are used within the limits of a cellular communicationsnetwork for realization of functions of determining a location of mobilestations. As a result are achieved:

-   -   a decrease of hardware an software costs of cellular network;    -   a reduction of a load on network interfaces (between MS and BTS,        BTS and BSC, BSC and MSC), on which ones are transmitted service        data, and a possibility being appeared to use released resources        for transmitting a useful load, to increase a capacity of the        cellular communications network;    -   an increase of accuracy of determining the location of mobile        stations, that allows    -   to realize an automatic “handover” when MS crossing the borders        of cells, the borders being determined in form of a system of        geographical coordinates and the height of location of a mobile        station;    -   to provide a control of directional characteristics of antennae        in adaptive multibeam antennae with the maximum towards mobile        stations and to implement a control of a radiating power of base        and mobile stations;    -   to create borders of cells and microcells (on geographical        principle) of any shape, as well as to adapt dimensions and        configuration of cells when the load is changed within cells;    -   to provide the priorities of an access of different groups of        subscribers in different zones of cellular communications to        grant to subscribers a service of an accurate zone tariffing of        communication services, to program communication conditions (the        network to be used, services tariffs), as well a0s to carry out        a reliable transition from one communication network to another        one in process of traveling the subscriber.

INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY

The abovementioned advantages of the proposed method allows anopportunity of wide industrial usage of it in the field of radiocommunication for organizing cellular communications networks withprovision of additional communication forms of services and the priorityof an access of subscribers within different zones of cellularcommunications, as well as to-implement a reliable transition from onecommunication network to another one in a process of movement of asubscriber.

1. A method for cellular communications, characterized in that: a filein electronic form with fragments of a digital geographical map of thevicinity is preliminary introduced into a control center of a cellularcommunications system, the map comprising coordinates andcharacteristics of base stations arranged in cells and geographicalcoordinates of the borders of the cells, wherein in the process of radiocommunications, data on the location of a corresponding mobile stationfor communication therewith are determined with the aid of a receiver ofa satellite location determination system, which receiver is built in amobile station, and are transmitted through a base station to thecontrol center of the cellular communications system, and the file of afragment of the digital geographical map is transmitted from the controlcenter of the cellular communications systems through a correspondingbase station to a mobile station, the map comprising coordinates andcharacteristics of the base station of that cell where this mobilestation is, coordinates and characteristics of the base station ofneighboring cells with coordinates of their borders; and then, in themobile station, a comparison of current data of its location and thecoordinates of cell borders is carried out at least one of when there isa transition of the mobile station to another cell—“handover”—or whenthere is a transition from one cellular communications network toanother—roaming—data on completion of the “handover” or conduction ofthe roaming and changes of the working parameters of communicationschannels and produced in the mobile station and transmitted to acorresponding control center of the cellular communications systems,characterized in that the dimension of the fragment of the geographicalmap transmitted to the mobile station and the periodicity oftransmission of data on its location by that mobile station to thecontrol center of the cellular communications system are changeddepending on the speed of movement of the mobile station.
 2. The methodaccording to claim 1, characterized in that synchronization of operationof the mobile and base stations is carried out in accordance withsignals of a satellite location determination system.
 3. The methodaccording to claim 2, characterized in that the current data on thelocation of the mobile station are used to control parameters ofadaptive multibeam antenna systems of base stations communicating withthe mobile station, including parameters for directing a directionalcharacteristic of antenna systems toward the mobile station.
 4. Themethod according to claim 2, characterized in that microcells within acell that have working communication parameters different from workingcommunication parameters of the instant cell, in particular other typesof radio interfaces, protocols, communication standards, are dedicated,wherein coordinates of border and working parameters of thesemicrocells, recorded in the control center of the cellularcommunications system, are transmitted through corresponding basestations to mobile stations located in the microcells.
 5. The methodaccording to claim 2, characterized in that a height of location of amobile station above the surface of the earth, in respect to whichcorresponding cells or microcells are dedicated, is selected as one ofthe working parameters, and a vertical “handover” is provided for. 6.The method according to claim 2, characterized in that a power level oftransmitters of mobile and base stations are adjusted depending on theirdistance from one another on the basis of location data of the mobileand base station, and also of digital geographical maps, used in thecontrol center of the cellular communications system.
 7. The methodaccording to claim 1, characterized in that the current data on thelocation of the mobile station are used to control parameters ofadaptive multibeam antenna systems of base stations communicating withthe mobile station, including parameters for directing a directionalcharacteristic of antenna systems toward the mobile station.
 8. Themethod according to claim 1, characterized in that microcells within acell that have working communication parameters different from workingcommunication parameters of the instant cell, in particular other typesof radio interfaces, protocols, communication standards, are dedicated,wherein coordinates of border and working parameters of thesemicrocells, recorded in the control center of the cellularcommunications system, are transmitted through corresponding basestations to mobile stations located in the microcells.
 9. The methodaccording to claim 1, characterized in that a height of location of amobile station above the surface of the earth, in respect to whichcorresponding cells or microcells are dedicated, is selected as one ofthe working parameters, and a vertical “handover” is provided for. 10.The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the power levelof transmitters of mobile and base stations are adjusted depending ontheir distance from one another on the basis of location data of themobile and base station, and also of digital geographical maps, used inthe control center of the cellular communications system.
 11. The methodaccording to claim 1, characterized in that depending on the location ofa mobile station in a definite cell or definite zone of cellular networkcommunication, of each mobile station, the priorities of access tocommunications services of the extreme qualitative communicationcharacteristics are determined or access to the communications servicesor a portion of the communications services on separate sections of thecellular communications zone or the cell is eliminated.
 12. The methodaccording to claim 1, characterized in that a pointwise or zonetariffing of communication services provided to clients is provided withan arbitrary configuration of the zones.
 13. The method according toclaim 1, characterized in that current data on the location of a mobilestation, which are available to a mobile client of a cellular network ona global scale, are used to select a mobile communications network andan accessible type of service within that network by a correspondingprogramming of the mobile station by a client or operator of mobilecommunications, including taking into account tariffs for communicationservices in communication networks of different operators.
 14. Themethod according to claim 1, characterized in that the current data onthe location of the mobile station are used to control parameters ofadaptive multibeam antenna systems of base stations communicating withthe mobile station, including parameters for directing a directionalcharacteristic of antenna systems toward the mobile station.
 15. Themethod according to claim 1, characterized in that microcells within acell that have working communication parameters different from workingcommunication parameters of the instant cell, in particular other typesof radio interfaces, protocols, communication standards, are dedicated,wherein coordinates of border and working parameters of thesemicrocells, recorded in the control center of the cellularcommunications system, are transmitted through corresponding basestations to mobile stations located in the microcells.
 16. The methodaccording to claim 1, characterized in that a height of location of amobile station above the surface of the earth, in respect to whichcorresponding cells or microcells are dedicated, is selected as one ofthe working parameters, and a vertical “handover” is provided for. 17.The method according to claim 1, characterized in that a power level oftransmitters of mobile and base stations are adjusted depending on theirdistance from one another on the basis of location data of the mobileand base station, and also of digital geographical maps, used in thecontrol center of the cellular communications system.
 18. In a methodfor cellular communications, the improvements comprising: introducinginto a control center of a cellular communications system an electronicfile of a digital geographical map of geographical coordinates ofborders of cells defined by base stations of the cellular communicationssystem having coordinates and characteristics; determining a location ofa mobile station of the cellular communication system with a receiver ofa satellite location determination system in the mobile station;transmitting the location of the mobile station through one of the basestations to the control center; transmitting from the control centerthrough the one of the base stations to the mobile station thecoordinates and characteristics of the one of the base stations and, asdetermined from the map, the coordinates and characteristics of at leastone of the base stations neighboring the one of the base stations andgeographical coordinates of at least the one of the borders of the cellthereof with the cell of the one of the base stations; and then, in themobile station, comparing another determination of a current location ofthe mobile station at least with the geographical coordinates of the oneof the borders of the cell of the neighboring base station to determinea transition of the mobile station across the border of the neighboringbase station for use from the mobile station of the coordinates andcharacteristics of the neighboring base station, characterized in thatthe dimension of the fragment of the geographical man transmitted to themobile station and the periodicity of transmission of data on itslocation by that mobile station to the control center of the cellularcommunications system are changed depending on the speed of movement ofthe mobile station, and characterized in that during the transmission ofthe file of the fragment of the digital geographical man from thecontrol center of the cellular communications system through a basestation to a corresponding mobile station, adaptation of the dimensionsand configuration of the cells and also conditions providing for“handover” to a load created by mobile stations in a cell are carriedout.
 19. A method for cellular communications in accordance with whichmobile station are previously provided with receivers of satellitelocation determination system and controllers for storing and processingdata of a digital geographical map, in a control center of a cellularcommunications system is generated a file with fragments of the digitalgeographical map for base stations, wherein the fragment for each basestation comprises coordinates of borders of its cell, coordinates ofborders of neighboring cells, their operating frequencies, codes andcommunications parameters, these fragments are transmitted tocorresponding base stations for recording into controllers of these basestations, and in process of radio communications each base station atfirst entering its sell of some mobile station, which establishes acommunication with this base station, transmits to this mobile station acorresponding fragment of the digital geographic map for recording inits controller, the mobile station periodically compares data of itslocation, being received with help of its receiver of the satellitelocation determination system, with the stored fragment of the digitalgeographic map and when crossing the border of the cell of its locationthe mobile station produces data for “handover” or “roaming” andindependently transits to the operating frequency, being contained inthe above fragment of the digital geographic map, code andcommunications parameters of the base station of the new cell into whichit transits thereby realizing “handover”, and when transiting to othercellular communications network realizing “roaming”, after that themobile station transmits to a corresponding control centre of thecellular communications system data on completion of the “handover” or“roaming” and on change of operating parameters of communicationschannels, characterized in that during the transmission of the file ofthe fragment of the digital geographical map from the control center ofthe cellular communications system through a base station to acorresponding mobile station, adaptation of the dimensions andconfiguration of the cells and also conditions providing for “handover”to a load created by mobile stations in a cell are carried out.